Term encompassing a range of processes used to glean information from databases. Data mining involves statistical and artificial intelligence methods and can reveal information about the typical behavior of groups of people. Data mining is a tool used, for example, by banks, insurance and other companies that collect large amounts of data on their customers

An electronic filing system or organized system of information characterized by the use of data fields; can provide a foundation for procedures such as retrieving information, drawing conclusions, and making decisions. Traditional, computerized databases are organized by fields, records, and files. A field is a single piece of information; a record is a complete set of fields; and a file is a collection of records.

An area of an image not directly lit. There are two categories of shadows: umbra and penumbra. Umbra denotes completely shadowed areas and is formed when there is only one pointed light source, as a result of which the area behind the object is completely unlit. Penumbra refers to partially lit areas, when the light source is not pointed or when there is more than light source

A computer software setting that states what will automatically happen in the event that the user does not state a preference

A treatment to remove the printing ink from wastepaper so that the secondary fibers can be reprocessed. The deinking process makes it possible for higher-grade stocks to be manufactured from recyled content. The reprocessed pulp that results is known as DIP, or deinked pulp.

An instrument used to measure the ink density of printed products and the degree of blackening of negative or positive films and bromides in photography. A densitometer can also be used to determine the density of profiles. Densitometers measure a color sample three times using three different color filters (red, green and blue filters), which are equivalent to the sensitivity of the three types of cones in the human eye, and densitometers are thus also referred to as three-filter reading devices.

Densitometry is the quantitative measurement of ink density or the amount of ink per unit of area. It is used to determine tonal values, but not color hues. Densitometry can be used in photography and in reproduction for quality assurance purposes

Term used for the elements of a character that extend from the baseline (typeline) downwards to the p-line. In typography, descender denotes the extension of the characters g, q, p, y or j, which all contain lines that fall below the baseline

An arrangement system consisting of horizontal and vertical lines in which all text blocks, images and pictures are contained, it is used to prevent the disorganized presentation of images, tables and other design elements. The definition of a design grid is part of the field of macrotypography

A reference color standard. Most color management systems use the LAB color histogram of the CIE (Commission Internationale d‘Eclairage) as the international color standard, independent of all devices

Created in the fall of 1979 and modeled after the FTA (Flexographic Technical Association), this association is based in Stuttgart and has over 400 members from the flexographic industry and scientific establishments. The association's goals include the technical advancement of flexographic printing, basic and advanced training, and the exchange of expertise and experience. The DFTA has a technology center at the Media College of Stuttgart Technical University.

Refers to all company activities intended to directly address potential customers and elicit a response. Examples of dialog marketing include mailshots (personalized communications) containing various response options. The Internet is an ideal medium for dialog marketing

Defined by the French printer François Ambroise Didot as exactly 0.376065 millimeters; the smallest unit of measure in the Didot measurement system. In 1879 the Didot point was rounded down to 0.376 millimeters, and in 1973 it was further rounded to 0.375 millimeters to facilitate conversions.

A photographic camera that uses highly-integrated components (CCD chips) to convert the image captured by the lens into digital data, thus circumventing the need for film imaging, film development and scanning

A hardcopy of computer data used to check for mistakes in text, layout, etc.